Retinol (Vitamin A)

Retinol (Vitamin A)

Category
Cosmetics and Personal Care

Origins:

Essential micronutrient from animal products (retinyl esters) and carotenoids in plants (Carazo et al., 2021).

Key Features:

Maintains vision, immune function, and skin health; involved in gene expression and cellular differentiation; deficiency leads to night blindness (Carazo et al., 2021). Molecular targets include nuclear receptors and opsin in the retina.

Sustainability:

Microbial production offers a more sustainable and efficient alternative; challenges in process optimization and scale-up (Zhang, Yu and Ye, 2024).

bio:drive - intelligent microbe design

Here’s what bio:drive says about Retinol (Vitamin A):

  • Viable pathways recommended / (generated) 2 / (2,289)
  • Median pathway length 6 biochemical reactions
  • Max free energy change -71.7 KJ.mol-1
  • Max theoretical yield 18.1 %
  • Predicted pathway bottlenecks 1 reactions
  • Enzyme variants recommended / (generated) 5 / (4,789)
  • Predicted enzyme reactivity improvement 1.9x
  • Predicted host microbe bottlenecks 3 genetic edits
  • Predicted host microbe flux improvement 4.5x
  • Continuous fermentation enabled
  • Number of microbe versions designed for grow:bot build 796,262,400
  • Overall potential improvement with bio:drive 4x
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